Economic Calendar - Currencies

In New Zealand, the business confidence index is designed to provide a snapshot of business opinions regarding the expected future state of their business and economy overall. The survey covers around 700 respondents. The Net index is calculated by subtracting the percentage number of businesses that expect that the economic situation improves from the number that expect decline.

In Australia, private sector credit refers to the month-over-month change of credit extended to the economy's private sector for housing, personal and business expenditures. It includes securitizations.

In Australia, private sector credit refers to the month-over-month change of credit extended to the economy's private sector for housing, personal and business expenditures. It includes securitizations.

In Australia, housing credit refers to the month-over-month change of credit extended to the economy's private sector for housing expenditures. It includes securitisations.

In Japan, housing starts refers to the year-on-year change in volume of new housing construction started.

In Japan, construction orders data refer to the value of new orders for construction work received during the month by 50 major constructors. Figures refer to the value of original contracts and construction for own use but not the value of subcontracted orders. .

The Turkish trade balance has been in deficit since 1947. Turkey major exports are road vehicles, textiles, iron and steel, clothing and food, while imports were machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, mineral fuels and lubricants and chemicals. The biggest trade deficits were recorded with China, Russia, Germany, South Korea, Switzerland, India, Iran and Japan; and the largest surpluses were recorded with Iraq, the UAE, the UK, Israel, Syria, Northern Cyprus and Azerbaijan.

Turkey's major exports are: machinery and transport equipment (31 percent of total exports), of which road vehicles (15 percent) and electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (6 percent); manufactured goods (25 percent), of which textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles (7 percent), iron and steel (6 percent) and manufactures of metals (4 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (18 percent), of which articles of apparel and clothing accessories (10 percent); food and live animals (9 percent), of which fruits and vegetables (4 percent); chemicals and related products (6 percent); and gold,non-monetary (4 percent). Turkey's main export partners were: Germany (10 percent of total exports); the UK, the UAE, Iraq and the US (6 percent each); Italy (5 percent); France and Spain (4 percent each).

On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of Turkish GDP and accounts for 70 percent, followed by gross fixed capital formation (22 percent) and government expenditure (15 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 27 percent of GDP while imports account for 32 percent, subtracting 5 percent from total GDP.

Turkey's main imports are machinery and transport equipment (31 percent of total imports), of which road vehicles (7 percent) and electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (6 percent); manufactured goods (16 percent), of which iron and steel (5 percent); mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (16 percent), of which petroleum and petroleum products (4 percent); chemicals and related products (13 percent), of which plastics (4 percent); gold, non-monetary (7 percent); crude materials, inedible, except fuels (7 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (6 percent); and food and live animals (4 percent). The country's main imports' sources were: China (10 percent of total imports); Germany (9 percent); Russia (8 percent); the US and Italy (5 percent each); France, Iran, Switzerland, South Korea, the UK, Spain and India (3 percent each).

In Turkey, economic confidence index is a composite index that encapsulates consumers’ and producers’ evaluations, expectations and tendencies about general economic situation. The index is combined by means of a weighted aggregation of normalized sub-indices of consumer confidence, seasonally adjusted real sector (manufacturing industry), services, retail trade and construction confidence indices. The economic confidence index indicates an optimistic outlook about the general economic situation when the index is above 100, on contrary it indicates a pessimistic outlook when it is below 100.

Turkey is classified as an emerging market economy. The country is one of the world's biggest producers of agricultural products; textiles; motor vehicles, ships and other transportation equipment; construction materials; consumer electronics and home appliances.

In Turkey, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force.

The labour force participation rates is the number of persons who are employed and unemployed but looking for a job divided by the total working-age population.

In Switzerland, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In Switzerland, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy.

In Switzerland, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of Swiss GDP and accounts for 54 percent of its total, followed by gross fixed capital formation (24 percent) and government expenditure (11 percent). Foreign trade adds 11 percent to GDP as exports account for 64 percent and imports for 53 percent.

Switzerland’s is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. Key areas of the economy include micro-technology, hi-tech, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, as well as banking and insurance know-how. .